Publications

One look at my office will tell you that I’m not a very conscientious person…so I’m not good at keeping this list up to date…you can get a more up-to-date picture of my work at my Google Scholar Profile.

Books

Gosling, S. D. (2008). Snoop: What your stuff says about you. New York: Basic books.

Gosling, S. D., & Johnson, J. A. (Eds). (2010). Advanced Methods for Behavioral Research on the Internet. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Publications

The publications are divided into broad topic areas but the fit isn’t always that great (and a few articles appear in multiple categories).

The expression and perception of personality in everyday life

Back, M. D., Stopfer, J. M., Vazire, S., Gaddis, S., Schmukle, S. C., Egloff, B., & Gosling, S. D. (2010). Facebook profiles reflect actual personality not self-idealization. Psychological Science, 21, 372-374.

Carney, D. R., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The secret lives of liberals and conservatives: Personality profiles, interaction styles, and the things they leave behind. Political Psychology, 29, 807-840.

Gebauer, J. E., Bleidorn, W., Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., Lamb, M. E., & Potter, J. (in press). Cross-Cultural Variations in Big Five Relations with Religiosity: A Socio-Cultural Motives Perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology.

Gosling, S. D., Augustine, A. A., Vazire, S., Holtzman, N., & Gaddis, S. (2011). Manifestations of personality in Online Social Networks: Self-reported Facebook-related behaviors and observable profile information. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14, 483-488. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2010.0087]

Gosling, S. D., Gaddis, S., & Vazire, S. (2008). First impressions based on the environments we create and inhabit. In N. Ambady, & J. J. Skowronski (Eds.), First Impressions (pp. 334-356). New York: Guilford.

Gosling, S. D., Gifford, R., & McCunn, L. (2013). The selection, creation, and perception of interior spaces: An environmental psychology approach. In G. Brooker & L. Weinthal (Eds.), The Handbook of Interior Design (pp. 278-290). Oxford, UK: Berg.

Gosling, S. D., Ko, S. J., Mannarelli, T., & Morris, M. E. (2002). A Room with a cue: Judgments of personality based on offices and bedrooms. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 82, 379-398. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., Sandy, C. J., & Potter, J. (2010). Personalities of self-identified “dog people” and “cat people.” Anthrozoös, 23, 213-222.

Graham, L. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2012). Impressions of World of Warcraft players’ personalities based on their usernames: Interobserver consensus but no accuracy. Journal of Research in Personality, 46, 599-603.

Graham, L. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Personality profiles associated with different motivations for playing World of Warcraft. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16, 189-193.

Graham, L. T., & Sandy, C. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Manifestations of individual differences in physical and virtual environments. In T. Chamorro-Premuzic, S. von Stumm, & A. Furnham (Eds.), Handbook of Individual Differences (pp. 773-800). Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.

Mehl, M. R., Gosling, S. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). Personality in its natural habitat: Manifestations and implicit folk theories of personality in daily life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90, 862-877.

Naumann, L. P., Vazire, S., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2009). Personality judgments based on physical appearance. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 35, 1661-1671

Obschonka, M., Schmitt-Rodermund, E., Silbereisen, R. K., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2013). The regional distribution and correlates of an entrepreneurship-prone personality profile in the United States, Germany, and the United Kingdom: A socioecological perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 104-122. [DOI: 10.1037/a0032275]

Rentfrow, P. J., Goldberg, L. R., Stillwell, D. J., Kosinski, M., Gosling, S. D., & Levitin, D. J. (2012). The song remains the same: A replication and extension of the MUSIC model. Music Perception, 30,161-185. [DOI: 10.1525/MP.2012.30.2.161]

Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2003). The do re mi’s of everyday life: The structure and personality correlates of music preferences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1236-1256. [Available in pdf]

Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2006). Message in a Ballad: The role of music preferences in interpersonal perception. Psychological Science, 17, 236-242. [Available in pdf]

Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2007). The content and validity of music-genre stereotypes among college students. Psychology of Music, 35, 306-326.

Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., Jokela, M., Stillwell, D. J., Kosinski, M., & Potter, J. (2013). Divided We Stand: Three Psychological Regions of the United States and their Political, Economic, Social, and Health Correlates. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 105, 996-1012. [DOI: 10.1037/a0034434]

Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). A theory of the emergence, persistence, and expression of geographic variation in psychological characteristics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 339-369.

Sandy, C. J., Gosling, S. D., & Durant, J. (2013). Predicting Consumer Behavior and Media Preferences: The Comparative Validity of Personality Traits and Demographic Variables. Psychology and Marketing, 30, 937-949. [DOI: 10.1002/mar.20657]

Swann, W. B., Jr., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2003). The precarious couple effect: Verbally inhibited men + critical, disinhibited women = bad chemistry. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1095-1106. [Available in pdf]

Vazire, S., Naumann, L. P., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2009). Smiling reflects different emotions in men and women. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 403-405.

Vazire, S., Naumann, L. P., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Portrait of a narcissist: Manifestations of narcissism in physical appearance. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1439-1447.

Vazire, S. & Gosling, S. D. (2004). e-perceptions: Personality impressions based on personal websites. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87, 123-132. [Available in pdf]

Wilson, R. E., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, L. T. (2012). A review of Facebook research in the social sciences. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 7, 203-220. [DOI 10.1177/1745691612442904]

Geographic/Spatial Distributions of Psychological Characteristics

Bleidorn, W., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J. & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Personality Maturation Around the World: A Cross-Cultural Examination of Social Investment Theory. Psychological Science. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797613498396]

Bleidorn, W., Klimstra, T. A., Denissen, J. J. A., Rentfrow, P. J., Potter, J. & Gosling, S. D. (2014). Let the Data Speak – A Response to Terracciano (2014). Psychological Science. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797614521015]

de Vries, R., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Income inequality and personality: Are less equal U.S. states less agreeable? Social Science and Medicine, 72, 1978-1985. [doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2011.03.046]

Rentfrow, P. J., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). A theory of the emergence, persistence, and expression of geographic variation in psychological characteristics. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 339-369.

Rentfrow, P. J., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2009). Statewide differences in personality predict voting patterns in 1996-2004 U.S. presidential elections. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, and H. Thorisdottir (Eds.) Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification (pp. 314-347). Oxford University Press.

Personality in non-human animals

Bensky, M. K., Gosling, S. D., & Sinn, D. L. (2013). The World from a Dog’s Point of View: A Review and Synthesis of Dog Cognition Research. Advances in the Study of Behavior, 45, 209-406. [DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-407186-5.00005-7]

Dall, S. R. X., Gosling, S. D., Brown, G. D. A., Dingermanse, N. J., Erev, I., Kocher, M., Schulz, L., Todd. P. E., Weissing, F. J., & Wolf, M. (2012). Variation in decision making. In P. Hammerstein & J. R. Stevens (Eds.), Evolution and the Mechanisms of Decision Making (pp. 243-272). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Fratkin, J. L., Sinn. D. L., Thomas, S., Hilliard, S., Olson, Z., & Gosling, S. D. (in press). Do you see what I see?: Can non-experts with minimal training reproduce expert ratings in behavioral assessments of working dogs? Behavioural Processes.

Fratkin, J. L., Sinn, D. L., Patall, E. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Personality consistency in dogs: A meta-analysis. PLOS ONE, 8, e54907. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054907]

Freeman, H. D., Brosnan, S. F., Hopper, L. M., Lambeth, S. P., Schapiro, S. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Developing a Comprehensive and Comparative Questionnaire for Measuring Personality in Chimpanzees using a Simultaneous Top-down/Bottom-up Design. American Journal of Primatology, 75, 1042–1053. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22168]

Freeman, H. D., & Gosling, S. D. (2010). Personality in nonhuman primates: A review and evaluation of past research. American Journal of Primatology, 71, 1-19.

Freeman, H. D., Gosling. S. D., & Schapiro, S. J. (2011). Comparison of methods for assessing personality in non-human primates. In A. Weiss, J. King, & L. Murray (Eds.), Personality and Behavioral Syndromes in Nonhuman Primates (pp. 17-40). New York: Springer.

Gosling, S. D. (1998). Personality dimensions in spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 112, 107-118. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D. (2001). From mice to men: What can we learn about personality from animal research? Psychological Bulletin, 127, 45-86. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D. (2008). Personality in non-human animals. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 2, 985-1002.

Gosling, S. D., & Bonnenburg, A. V. (1998). An integrative approach to personality research in anthrozoology: Ratings of six species of pets and their owners. Anthrozoös, 11, 184-156. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., & Graybeal, A. (2007). Tree Thinking: A New Paradigm for Integrating Comparative Data in Psychology. Journal of General Psychology, 134, 259-277.

Gosling, S. D. & Harley, B. A. (2009). Animal models of personality and cross-species comparisons. In P. Corr, & G. Matthews (Eds.), Cambridge Handbook of Personality Psychology (pp. 275-286). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Gosling, S. D., & John, O. P. (1999). Personality dimensions in non-human animals: A cross-species review. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 8, 69-75. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., Kwan, V. S. Y., & John, O. P. (2003). A dog’s got personality: A cross-species comparative approach to evaluating personality judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85, 1161-1169. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., & Mehta, P. H. (2013). Personalities in comparative perspective: What do human psychologists glean from animal personality studies? In C. Carere & D. Maestripieri (Eds.), Animal personalities: Behavior, physiology, and evolution (pp. 124-145). Chicago, IL: University Chicago Press.

Gosling, S. D., & Mollaghan, D. M. (2006). Animal research in social psychology: A bridge to functional genomics and other unique research opportunities. In P. A. M. van Lange (Ed.), Bridging Social Psychology: Benefits of Transdisciplinary Approaches (pp. 123-128). Mahweh NJ: Erlbaum.

Gosling, S. D., Sandy, C. J., & Potter, J. (2010). Personalities of self-identified “dog people” and “cat people.” Anthrozoös, 23, 213-222.

Gosling, S. D., & Vazire, S. (2002). Are we barking up the right tree? Evaluating a comparative approach to personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 36, 607-614. [Available in pdf]

Graham, L. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2009). Temperament and personality in working dogs. In W. S. Helton (Ed.), Canine ergonomics: The science of working dogs (pp. 63-81). Boca Raton: CRC Press.

Jones, A. C., & Gosling, S. D. (2005). Temperament and personality in dogs (Canis familiaris): A review and evaluation of past research. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 95, 1-53. [Available in pdf]

Jones, A. C., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Individual differences in approach and avoidance motivation in animals. In A. J. Elliot (Ed.), Handbook of Approach and Avoidance Motivation (pp. 165-185). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Kubinyi, E., Gosling, S. D., & Miklósi, Á (in press). A comparison of rating and coding activity-impulsivity and inattention in dogs. Acta Biologica Hungarica, 66.

Kwan, V. S. Y., Gosling, S. D., & John, O. P. (2008). Anthropomorphism as a special case of social perception: A cross-species comparative approach and a new empirical paradigm. Social Cognition, 26, 129-142.

McGarrity, M. E., Sinn, D. L., & Gosling, S. D. (in press). Which personality dimensions do puppy tests measure? A systematic procedure for categorizing behavioral assays. Behavioural Processes

Mehta, P. H., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Bridging human and animal research: A comparative approach to studies of personality and health. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22, 651-661.

Mehta, P. H., & Gosling, S. D. (2006). How can animal studies contribute to research on the biological bases of personality? In T. Canli (Ed.), Biology of Personality and Individual Differences (pp. 427-448). New York: Guilford. [email me for a reprint]

Rocznik, D., Sinn, D. L., Thomas, S., & Gosling, S. D. (in press). Criterion analysis and content validity for standardized behavioral tests in a detector-dog breeding program. Journal of Forensic Sciences.

Sinn, D. L., Gosling, S. D., & Hilliard, S. J. (2010). Personality and performance in military working dogs: reliability and predictive validity of behavioral tests. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 127, 51-65.

Sinn, D. L., Gosling, S. D., & Moltschaniwskyj, N. A. (2008). Development of shy/bold behaviour in squid: Context-specific phenotypes associated with developmental plasticity. Animal Behaviour, 75, 433-442.

Vazire, S., & Gosling, S. D. (2003). Bridging Psychology and Biology with animal research. American Psychologist, 58, 407-408. [Available in pdf]

Vazire, S., Gosling, S. D., Dickey, A. S., & Schaprio, S. J. (2007). Measuring personality in nonhuman animals. In R.W. Robins, R. C. Fraley, & R. F. Krueger (Eds.), Handbook of Research Methods in Personality Psychology (pp. 190-206). New York: Guilford.

Weinstein, T. A. R., Capitanio, J. P., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Personality in Animals. In John, O. P., Robins, R. W., & Pervin, L. A. (Eds.), Handbook of Personality Theory and Research (pp. 328-348). New York: Guilford.

Internet Methods

Buhrmester, M., Kwang, T., & Gosling, S. D. (2011). Amazon’s Mechanical Turk: A new source of inexpensive, yet high-quality, data? Perspectives on Psychological Science, 6, 3-5. [email Michael Buhrmester for a reprint]

Gosling, S. D., & Johnson, J. A. (Eds). (2010). Advanced Methods for Behavioral Research on the Internet. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Gosling, S. D., & Mason, W. (2015). Internet research in Psychology. Annual Review of Psychology, 66, 877-902. [pdf available here]

Gosling, S. D., Sandy, C. J., John, O. P., & Potter, J. (2010). Wired but not WEIRD: The promise of the Internet in reaching more diverse samples. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33, 94-95.

Gosling, S. D., & Vazire, S., Srivastava, S., & John, O. P. (2004). Should we trust Web-based studies? A comparative analysis of six preconceptions about Internet questionnaires. American Psychologist, 59, 93-104. [Available in pdf]

Reis, H. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2010). Social psychological methods outside the laboratory. In S. T. Fiske, D. T. Gilbert, & G. Lindzey, (Eds.), Handbook of Social Psychology (5th ed., vol. 1, pp. 82-114). New York: Wiley.

Personality and political orientation

Gosling, S. D., & Srivastava, S. (2011). Changes in perceptions of George W. Bush’s personality in the wake of the September 11 2001 World Trade Center attacks. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 3, 486-490.

Jost, J. T., Napier, J. L., Thorisdottir, H., Gosling, S. D., Palfai, T. P., & Ostafin, B. (2007). Are Needs to Manage Uncertainty and Threat Associated with Political Conservatism or Ideological Extremity? Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33, 989-1007.

Jost, J. T., Nosek, B. A., & Gosling, S. D. (2008). Ideology: Its resurgence in social, personality, and political psychology. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 3, 126-136.

Jost, J. T., & West, T. V., & Gosling, S. D. (2009). Personality and ideology as determinants of candidate preferences and “Obama conversion” in the 2008 U.S. presidential election. Du Bois Review, 6, 103-124. [Reprinted in Spanish as Jost, J. T., West, T. V., & Gosling, S. D. (2010). La Conversión a Obama: Personalidad e ideología como determinantes de las preferencias de candidato en la elección presidencial americana de 2008. Psicología Política, 40, 31-60.]

Rentfrow, P. J., Jost, J. T., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2009). Statewide differences in personality predict voting patterns in 1996-2004 U.S. presidential elections. In J. T. Jost, A. C. Kay, and H. Thorisdottir (Eds.) Social and Psychological Bases of Ideology and System Justification (pp. 314-347). Oxford University Press.

Personality change and development

Robins, R. W., Trzesniewski, K. H., Tracy, J. L., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2002). Global self-esteem across the lifespan. Psychology and Aging, 17, 423-434. [Available in pdf]

Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The developmental psychometrics of Big Five self-reports: Acquiescence, factor structure, coherence, and differentiation from ages 10 to 20. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 718-737.

Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2011). Age Differences in Personality Traits from 10 to 65: Big-Five Domains and Facets in a Large Cross-Sectional Sample. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 100, 330-348.

Srivastava, S., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2003). Development of personality in early and middle adulthood: Set like plaster or persistent change? Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 84, 1041-1053. [Available in pdf]

Scales and measurement

Denissen, J. J. A., Geenen, R., van Aken, M. A. G., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). Development and validation of a Dutch translation of the Big Five Inventory (BFI). Journal of Personality Assessment, 90, 152-157.

Gosling, S. D., Craik, K. H., Martin, N. R., & Pryor, M. R. (2005). The Personal Living Space Cue Inventory: An analysis and evaluation. Environment and Behavior, 37, 683-705. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., Craik, K. H., Martin, N. R., & Pryor, M. R. (2005). Material attributes of Personal Living Spaces. Home Cultures, 2, 51-88. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., John, O. P., Craik, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (1998). Do people know how they behave? Self-reported act frequencies compared with on-line codings by observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1337-1349. [Available in pdf]

Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. (2003). A Very Brief Measure of the Big Five Personality Domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37, 504-528. [Available in pdf]

Muck, P. M., Hell, B., & Gosling, S. D. (2007). Construct Validation of a short Five-Factor Model Instrument: A Self-Peer Study on the German Adaptation of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-G). European Journal of Personality Assessment, 23, 166-175.

Oshio, A., Abe, S., Cutrone, P., & Gosling, S. D. (in press). Further validity of the Japanese version of the Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI-J): Cross-language evidence for content validity. Journal of Individual Differences.

Oshio, A., Abe, S., Cutrone, P., & Gosling, S. D. (2013). Big Five content representation of the Japanese version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Psychology, 4, 924-929. [DOI: 10.4236/psych.2013.412133]

Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., Benet-Martínez, V., Potter, J. P., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2006). Do bilinguals have two personalities? A special case of cultural frame switching. Journal of Research in Personality, 40, 99-120.

Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Parodox lost: Unraveling the puzzle of Simpatia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 685-702.

Renau, V., Oberst, U., Gosling, S. D., Rusiñol, J., & Chamarro, A (2013). Translation and validation of the Ten-Item-Personality Inventory into Spanish and Catalan. Aloma. Revista de Psicologia, Ciències de l’Educació i de l’Esport, 31, 85-97.

Sandy, C. J., Gosling, S. D., & Koelkebeck, T. (in press). Psychometric Comparison of Automated vs. Rational Methods of Scale Abbreviation: An Illustration using a Brief Measure of Values. Journal of Individual Differences.

Soto, C. J., John, O. P., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2008). The developmental psychometrics of Big Five self-reports: Acquiescence, factor structure, coherence, and differentiation from ages 10 to 20. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 94, 718-737.

Historical trends in Psychology

Robins, R. W., Gosling, S. D., & Craik, K. H. (1998). Psychological science at the crossroads. The American Scientist, 86, 310-313. [Available in pdf]

Robins, R. W., Gosling, S. D., & Craik, K. H. (1999). An empirical analysis of trends in psychology. American Psychologist, 54, 117-128. [Available in pdf]

Other Stuff

Anderson, C. P., Ames, D. R., & Gosling, S. D. (2008) Punishing hubris: The perils of status self-enhancement in teams and organizations. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 34, 90-101.

Erdle, S., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2009). Does self-esteem account for the higher-order factors of the Big Five? Journal of Research in Personality, 43, 921-922.

Gosling, S. D., Sandy, C. J., & Potter, J. (2010). Personalities of self-identified “dog people” and “cat people.” Anthrozoös, 23, 213-222.

Jost, J. T., Hawkins, C. B., Nosek, B. A., Hennes, E. P., Stern, C., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, J. (2014). Belief in a Just God (and a Just Society): A System Justification Perspective on Religious Ideology. Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Psychology, 34, 56-81. [Translated to: Jost, J. T., Hawkins, C. B., Nosek, B. A., Hennes, E. P., Stern, C., Gosling, S. D., & Graham, J. (in press). Creencia en un dios justo: La Religión como una forma de Justificación del Sistema. Psicologia Politica, 47, 55-89.]

Mathieu, M. T., & Gosling, S. D. (2012). The accuracy or inaccuracy of affective forecasts depends on how the question is framed: A meta-analysis of past studies. Psychological Science, 23, 161-162. [DOI: 10.1177/0956797611427044]

Pennebaker, J. W., Gosling, S. D., & Ferrell, J. (2013). Daily online testing in large classes: Boosting college performance while reducing achievement gaps. PLOS ONE, 9, e79774. [doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079774]

Ramírez-Esparza, N., Gosling, S. D., & Pennebaker, J. W. (2008). Paradox lost: Unraveling the puzzle of Simpatia. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 685-702.

Robins, R. W., Tracy, J. L., Trzesniewski, K. H., Potter, J., & Gosling, S. D. (2001). Personality correlates of self-esteem. Journal of Research in Personality, 35, 463-482. [Available in pdf]

Vazire, S., Naumann, L. P., Rentfrow, P. J., & Gosling, S. D. (2009). Smiling reflects different emotions in men and women. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 32, 403-405.

Wood, D., Gosling, S. D., & Potter, J. (2007). Normality evaluations and their relation to personality traits and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 93, 861-879.